muscle biopsy – in rare cases, a small sample of muscle might be removed for testing to determine whether the problem lies in the muscles.lumbar puncture – a sample of spinal fluid might be tested to exclude an inflammatory or nerve condition caused by an infection.nerve conduction test – similar to an EMG but measures how quickly your nerves can conduct an electrical signal.electromyography (EMG) – measures the electrical activity in your muscles, which shows how well your motor neurones are working and connecting to the muscles.magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan – to give a detailed picture of your brain and spinal cord.blood tests – these can be used for several reasons, like checking that organs are working, or to look for a marker of muscle damage (creatinine kinase).Various tests might be used to rule out other possible causes of the your symptoms. MND is usually diagnosed by a neurologist based on the symptoms and a physical examination. The risk to the general population of MND is about 0.3%. If you have a parent with MND with no other family history of the disease, you're at a slight increased risk of MND of about 1.4%. Typically, the longer you live, the more likely you are to develop the condition. Not everyone who has the genetic mutation will develop MND in their lifetime. The risk of them developing the condition can be affected by many factors like age. If you have a genetic form of MND, there's a chance that you could pass the risk of developing MND on to your child. The error in the gene affects the cells ability to perform normally and survive. Having a family history of frontotemporal dementia can also increase the risk of inheriting MND. The other half of genetic cases will occur in those without a family history. One known cause of MND is an error in your genes with 20% of cases linked to genetic causes. Half of genetic cases will be in people who have a family history of MND. MND occurs when specialist nerve cells (motor neurones) in the brain and spinal cord progressively fail.
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